An Analysis of Analogical Reasoning in Children

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Before explaining the use of analogy in reasoning, it is important to analyze the relationship between analogy concepts and other cognitive processes. General dictionaries are often a good starting point for conceptual analysis, but rarely enter enough depth to solve subtle differences. In common dictionaries, synonyms of analog words such as similarity, similarity, correspondence are listed. It then adds a more special meaning like similarity in several respects to other dissimilar matters, comparison of similarity, or inference based on similarity or correspondence. In AI, analog detection programs have been written since the 1960's, but it is common to use analogical definitions specific to specific applications.

Analogy is a comparison between two objects or object systems and emphasizes the aspect that they are regarded as similar. Analogy is all kinds of thinking that depends on analogy. Analogism is a clear expression of the form of analogy that cites the acceptable similarity between the two systems to support the conclusion that there is more similarity. Generally (but not always), these arguments fall within the category of inductive reasoning, as its conclusion is not conclusive and only supported by different degrees of force. Here, "induction inference" is used in a broad sense including all inference processes of "to expand knowledge in the face of uncertainty" (Holland et al. 1986: 1) including induction reasoning.

Initial analogy, inductive reasoning, and categorical syllogism introduced the Arabic translation of works of the 7 th century Qiyas process (Islamic law), Islamic theology (Islamic theology), and Aristotle in the Islamic law. Later, in the golden age of Islam, the word "Qiyas" between Islamic philosophers, logicologists and theologians was used to refer to analogy, inductive reasoning, or classified syllabic theory. Some Islamic scholars believe that Gia refers to inductive reasoning. Ibn Hazm (994-1064) opposed, arguing that Zias refers not to inductive reasoning but to analogical reasoning in the syllable theory classification and figurative meaning in the true sense. Meanwhile, al-Ghazali (1058-1111; and modern Abu Muhammad Asem al-Maqdisi) believes that Qiyas refers to a classification theory in the real meaning analogy and metaphorical meaning.