Advances in Research on Plant Genetic Resources of Mexico

Progress of research on plant genetic resources in Mexico So far we have read about 30,000 out of over 250,000 higher plants in Mexico. In Mexico 5,000 to 7,000 species are considered economically useful, and 1,000 to 1,500 species can be eaten. According to the conservative estimate quoted here, 10% of the genus of Mexico and 52% of the species are prevalent. Mexico is ranked 14th in the world in terms of expansion of the territory and ranked fourth in terms of biodiversity.

Plant genetic resources are our precious assets to meet growing crop production and productivity needs. Genetic resources of plants are the genetic material of plants that determine its characteristics such as its adaptive capacity and viability. Plant genetic resources of crops include those of wild type, weed species, subspecies, plant species, terrestrial species, ancient and heirloom plantations, genetic populations, and old and modern cultivation constituting the total gene pool of crops . Plant genetic resources in the form of seeds and plants will address the issues of crop production and will provide scientists with ingredients to develop new crops.

Agricultural biodiversity includes all elements of biodiversity related to food and agriculture. It contains plant genetic resources: crops, wild plants that harvest and control food, wild plants of farm trees, meadow and meadow species, medicinal plants and ornamental plants with aesthetic value. Animal genetic resources include domesticated animals, wild animals for hunting, wild and cultured fish and other aquatic organisms, insect pollinators, and genetic resources of microorganisms and fungi

Genetic resources of plants can be protected for sustainable development and for improvement and maintenance of agriculture and forestry production. The objective of plant genetic resource protection is to maintain an extensive sample of the genetic diversity of scientifically and economically viable target species, including currently recognized genes, traits and genotypes. Genetic Diversity Although its natural resources are found in wild species, it is important to find the number of genetic variations by morphology, biochemistry and molecular markers, in addition to some interesting physiological changes. Characterization of diversity is based on morphological features. However, morphological variability is often limited, and it turns out that traits may not be evident at all stages of plant development. Identification plays a very important role in diversity research