Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for about 20 to 30% of all pediatric tumors. The annual incidence of the world is mainly children 2 to 6 years old, 1 to 4 per 100,000 cases (1). This disease is rare in adults, and there are only about 1,000 cases diagnosed each year, the cure rate is remarkably low, rarely exceeding 40% in rare cases. On the other hand, the survival rate of infants diagnosed as under 1 year is even lower, 30%. Several studies on the same twin and newborn blood smear showed that childhood cases have serious prenatal causes that can detect specific genetic abnormalities in prenatal samples .

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of infantile leukemia. It also affects adults, especially adults over 65 years of age. Standard therapy includes chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The survival rate varies with age. 85% for children and 50% for adults. Subtypes include precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt leukemia and acute double phenotype leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) most commonly develops in adults over 55 years of age. It sometimes happens to young adults, but it has little effect on children. Two-thirds of the affected people are men. The five-year survival rate is 75%. This is incurable, but there are many effective treatments. One subtype is B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, a more aggressive disease

Children with Down's syndrome suffer from more than 10 to 15 times more blood cancers. In particular, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is 20 times more common, acute myeloid leukemia of megakaryocytic type (acute megakaryoblastic leukemia) is seen 500 times more. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a precursor of megakaryocytic leukemia, a megakaryocyte that forms platelets. Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounts for 1 to 3% of all pediatric ALL cases. The most frequent occurrence is when you are over 9 years old or when the white blood cell count exceeds 50,000 microliters. It is rare for people under 1 year old. People without DS tend to have a worse result than DS ALL than other ALL cases.

About one-third of children with certain types of cancer are leukemia. The most common is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia is the second most common form of cancer in infants (less than 12 months), the most common form of cancer in older children. Boys are more likely to develop leukemia than girls and white Americans have the potential to develop leukemia as much as twice as many as those of African American children. About 3% of adults' cancer is diagnosed as leukemia, but cancer is common in adults, so more than 90% of leukemia is diagnosed in adults.