Abstract expressionism

Most abstract expressionists are in New York City, also known as the New York School. This name evokes the purpose of art creation, and the abstraction is expressive or emotional in its effect. Their inspiration comes from the concept of surrealism, that is, art must come from unconscious thinking and comes from the artist Joan Miró's automation

Abstract expressionism has two main categories: a so-called action painter that attacks the canvas with emoticons, and a color field painter that fills the canvas with a wide range of monochrome.

The action painter is led by Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. They work in a spontaneous improvised way, often creating a distinct gesture marker with a large brush. Pollock famously placed his canvas on the ground, danced around it, poured paint from the bottle, or dragged it with a brush or stick. In this way, the Action Painter puts his internal impulse directly on the canvas.

The second group includes Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, and Clyfford Still. They have a strong interest in religion and myths and have created a simple work with a wide color area that was designed to create meditation and meditation reactions to the audience. In an article written in 1948, Barnett Newman says: "We do not build a cathedral using Christ, people, or" life ". The painting method developed from 1960 to so-called gamut painting. This is characterized by the artists using more or less a single area of ​​a single planar color.

Action painting is a prosperous style from the 1940s to the early 1960s, and it is closely related to abstract expressionism (some critics use the term action painting and abstract expressionism in the same sense doing). American action painting and French speed painting are often compared. This term was built by American critic Harold Rosenberg in 1952 and showed a big change to the aesthetic view of the New York school and critics. According to Rosenberg, the canvas is "a stage where action can take place". Abstract expressionists such as Jackson Pollock, Franz Klein, William De Kooning have been vaguely convinced that the picture is a stage of integration with creative behavior for a long time, but early critics have come up with the cause I sympathized with, for example, Clement Greenberg focused on the "objectivity" of their work.

In the late 1960s, Abstract Expressionist painter Philip Guston led the transition from abstract expressionism to new expressionism in painting, abandoning the so-called "pure abstraction" of abstract expressionism. Supports more cartoon effects of various personal symbols and objects. These works inspired the new generation of painters who are interested in resurrecting the image. As shown above, his painting "Painting, Smoking, Diet 1973" is an example of Guston's last and last regression.

Abstract expressionism is known for large pictures separated from traditional processes. It is often to remove the canvas from easel and use exceptional materials like house paint. Abstract expressionism is often considered an improvement of painting, but its idea has deep resonance in many media including paintings and sculptures. Abstract expressionism appears in the politics of the Cold War and the atmosphere of social and cultural conservatism. World War II positions the United States as a major power of the world, and in the years after conflict, many Americans enjoyed the benefits of unprecedented economic growth. By the mid-1950's, however, the spirit of optimism evolved into a powerful force and a paranoia hybrid. Fearing the Communist Party's penetration, Senator Wisconsin Joseph McCarthy launched a series of "hunting witches" against so-called communist sympathizers. There is a possibility that a person becomes suspicious if there is a hint of subversion.