ABO Blood System and Malarial Infections

According to the World Malaria Report, recently announced by the World Health Organization (2013), millions of people worldwide have been infected with malaria infection and in 2012 the total number of known cases is 270 million , And the number of deaths was about 627,000. Fortunately, this number is gradually decreasing due to massive intervention and education in popular areas. The life cycle of malaria parasites has been understood over the years; however, recent studies have shown that some people are more infectious while others are more resistant.

Each developmental form of malaria parasite (liver stage, asexual blood stage, gametophyte and sporozoite) stimulates different receptors of the immune system of the infected host. This diversity of the antigen target range is due to the ability of the malaria parasite to mutate rapidly. This ability to create different morphologies constantly changes the antigenic target region of the host immune system and helps the parasite escape malaria immunity. Characterizing various forms of parasites is crucial for vaccine development and we can find a cure for malaria no matter what kind of lice is used for the host.

The malaria parasite infects various targets of the body such as the liver and erythrocytes. Thus, different immune responses are stimulated in connection with the placement of a malaria parasitic infection in vivo. These immune responses include antibodies, lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and neutrophils. Antibodies developed against parasites neutralize parasites, delay the development of parasites, prevent them from invading the target cells, and macrophages (see phagocytosis below) induce parasites and infections Helps to effectively phagocytize cells. Antibodies made against gametophytes can prevent the occurrence of parasites at the sexual stage of mosquitoes when blood drink is ingested. Immune defense

When the mother's immune system produces antibodies against erythrocytes of premature infants, it causes Rh disease and ABO incompatibility disease. These antibodies can destroy the red blood cells of a baby and cause the baby to develop anemia. The baby's body tries to compensate for anemia by releasing immature red blood cells (called red blood cells) from the bone marrow. Overproduction of erythrocytes can lead to hypertrophy of the liver and spleen, leading to damage of the liver and rupture of the spleen. Emphasis on erythropoiesis is at the expense of other kinds of blood cells such as platelets and other factors important for blood coagulation. Excessive bleeding can be a complication due to the lack of blood coagulation factors. If this occurs in the fetus in the uterus, pregnant women will usually notice decreased fetal exercise and report it immediately to her clinician.