A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas (2012)

International Student Assessment (PISA) The pilot has tested a computer-based scientific assessment (CBAS) designed to measure scientific knowledge and research process. The 2009 NAEP Science Exam includes interactive computer tasks designed to test the ability of students to participate in the practice of scientific exploration. The 2012 NAEP Technical Literacy Evaluation includes the use of ICT tools to evaluate student facility simulation and participation ability in the engineering design process. At the state level, Minnesota conducted online scientific tests aimed at bringing students into experiments in simulated laboratories, weather and solar system investigations. Some of these early developments in large test environments are expected to be usable as a starting point for evaluating designs and deployments that support every aspect of the framework starting from the classroom level.

Fulfilling the framework Designing high-quality scientific evaluations, meeting different evaluation objectives and working in different usage environments is an important goal that requires caution and investment to achieve. Such scientific assessment must address all knowledge and practices described in this report. They must test the students with an understanding of science as an understanding of the science as a content area and a way. They will make their existing knowledge and skills to get students to use their knowledge properly and gain a deeper understanding of science and engineering practice, cross-cutting concepts and core concepts of the field We must provide evidence that we can do it. Scientific evaluations must fulfill all of these educational objectives while meeting the criteria for professional educators' reliability, effectiveness and fairness.

We distinguish between three evaluation purposes and different usage backgrounds, but the quality tools for each purpose and background

These basic ideas are still in use today and have recently appeared in the framework of K - 12 science education. Practice, cross-sectoral concepts, and core ideas (National Academy of Sciences, 2012). This framework establishes three aspects for science education: science and engineering practices, cross-sectional concepts, and the core idea of ​​this field. These aspects cover many of the five basic ideas of science developed by PSSC and put the scientific process and content on an equivalent basis; the information and organization of the framework is based on the idea of ​​Zacharias and It reflects the work of PSSC

The first step in developing NGSS is to develop the framework of K - 12 science education, ie practice, cross - cutting concepts, and core concepts (framework). We cooperated to lead the National Research Council (NRC) and National Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Association of Science Teachers (NSTA) and Achieve, Inc.. The purpose of the framework is to explain a consistent vision. Science education: (1) See learning as a development process; (2) Focus on a limited number of core ideas for intensive learning (interdisciplinary concepts across science and engineering and core concepts in each field) (3) Focusing on learning science and engineering involves integrating the knowledge of contents and participating in scientific exploration and engineering design practices (NRC, 2012a, pp.10-11 ).

Scientific education framework (NRC, 2012) emphasizes that scientific investigations use both skills and learning facts when defining the eight "science and engineering practices". This basic document of the Next Generation Science Standard (NGSS) advocates the concept of scientific method. "... focusing on practice (plural form) avoids the false impression that all sciences have their own method - a" scientific method "- or uncertainty is the universal In fact, practical scientists have adopted a wide range of methods, but with the development of knowledge, science is undoubtedly the perfection of many uncertain fields and is definitely the basis of culture and technology Many aspects that form the basis are built.