A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence

The idea that inanimate objects look like clever creatures has existed for a long time. Ancient Greeks had myths about robots, and engineers from China and Egypt built robots.

The beginning of contemporary artificial intelligence can be traced back to classical philosopher's attempt to express human thought as a symbolic system. However, at the conference held in Dartmouth University in Hanover, New Hampshire in 1956, the field of artificial intelligence was officially established and the term "artificial intelligence" was born.

Marvin Minsky, a cognitive scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and other researchers participating in this conference are very optimistic about the future of AI. "In a generation, the problem of creating" artificial intelligence "will basically be solved," Minsky quoted in "Exploring Artificial Intelligence" (Basic Books, 1994). 【Super smart machine: 7 types of robot futures】

But achieving artificial intelligence is not that easy. After several reports criticized the advancement of artificial intelligence, government funds and interest in that field declined - from 1974 to 1980 it was called "artificial intelligence winter". This field later revived in the 1980s. It is time for the British government to start to fund it to compete with Japan's efforts again.

This field experienced a bigger winter from 1987 to 1993. This was consistent with the collapse of the early general purpose computer market and the reduction of government funds.

In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue became the first chess champion computer to beat the Russian master, Gary Kasparov. In 2011, Watson, a computer-aided question and answering system, won the quiz show "Jeopardy!". Defeat champions Brad Latter and Ken Jennings beat

This year, the conversation computer 'Chatbot' Eugene Goostman deceived the judge of the Turing test as an authentic skin and blood figure mathematician and Alan Turing of a computer scientist. Evaluation method developed in 1950. Is the machine intellectual?

However, this outcome is controversial, by arguing that artificial intelligence experts are cheated only by a third of judges and robots are teenagers who use English as a second language We can point out that problems can be avoided.

"Most people in artificial intelligence have considered this issue, and for the most part this is a very bad test as we focus only on external behavior," Perlis told Live Science.

In fact, some scientists are currently planning to develop a new version of the test. But in addition to the pursuit of real humanized wisdom, the field of artificial intelligence has become more extensive.

In the last blog post, I introduced a brief history of artificial intelligence (AI) and helped to distinguish the terms "artificial intelligence", "machine learning", and "deep learning". In this article we introduce some examples of artificial intelligence development and show how technology can rapidly recreate our lives. Most of us are familiar with advanced search functions of AI and automatic assistants such as Siri and Alexa. Furthermore, as automobiles and technology companies are competing for advantage in emerging sectors, articles about automatic driving vehicles are often published in news. However, AI (and its subset of machine learning and deep learning) has penetrated almost every aspect of our lives, but sometimes I do not notice. This is four examples of groundbreaking usage of AI currently under development or in use.

Artificial intelligence was born to imitate human intelligence. Please look at that short history. Whether it is possible to imitate human thought is not clear, but some of its functions can be reliably reproduced. At the same time, all categories of cognitive science are widely noticed. Actually, mathematics is not strictly necessary, but mathematics is necessary to understand these methods more deeply. Before further research, I recommend getting at least a basic intuition in each section. I think you already are familiar with school algebra. Otherwise, check this guide or you can find free high quality textbooks with openstax.