44b. Hawaiian Annexation

The majority of the world was declared when the United States seriously thinks of crossing its own border to conquer new lands. There are still remote islands in Africa, Asia, the Pacific but no empire. Hawaii is such a plum. Under the guidance of genetic monarchs, residents of the kingdom became independent countries. American expanders look greedily at strategically located islands and patiently wait for their actions

For the first time in the 1920s, when New England missionaries tried to spread faith, interest in Hawaii started in the United States. Since the 1840's, expulsion of European power from Hawaii is the main purpose of foreign policy. Americans got a real foothold in Hawaii for sugar trading. The US government has provided generous terms to Hawaiian sugar producers, and the benefits began to expand after the end of the civil war. The turning point of the relationship between the US and Hawaii occurred in 1890 when Congress approved the McKinley tariff and raised the foreign sugar import rate. Sugar producers in Hawaii are now being phased out in the US market and as a result the recession wiped out the island. Sugar growers, primarily Caucasian Americans, know that tariff problems will naturally disappear if Hawaii is consolidated in America. At the same time, the Hawaiian throne was handed to Queen Liliuokalani. And he decided that the fundamental cause of the Hawaiian problem is foreign interference. A wonderful confrontation is about to begin

In January 1893, producers upheried to defeat the queen. At the same time, they urged US troops to provide protection. In the absence of President's approval, the Marines attacked the island and the Ministers of the American Islands raised the Star and Banner in Honolulu. The Queen was forced to abstain and the problem was settled by Washington politicians. By this time, Glover Cleveland became president. Cleveland is a frank anti-imperialist, I believe Americans behave shamefully in Hawaii. He withdrew the consolidation treaty from the Senate and ordered investigation of potential misconduct. Cleveland is aiming to return Liliuokalani to her throne, but the public opinion of the United States strongly supported this merger

This case was expanded to Cleveland after leaving the country. When Spain broke out in 1898, the military significance of the Hawaii Naval Base as a passage point in the Philippines in Spain exceeded all other considerations. As Texas joined the Union in 1845, President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to consolidate these islands. Hawaii is still a territory until 1959, becoming the 50th state.

When the Hawaiian islands were formally merged by the United States in 1898, the incident showed the end of a long-term civil war to rule the Hawaiian government between Hawaiian natives and Caucasian businessmen. In 1893, the last lord of Hawaii, Liliuokalani was overthrown by the Merchant Party which established the interim government. Shortly thereafter, President Benjamin Harrison submitted a treaty to integrate the Hawaiian Islands into the US Senate for approval. In 1897 the treaty's efforts were hindered when the newly-established Hawaiian Patriotic Alliance, composed of Hawaiian indigenous people, succeeded in opposing the treaty against the United States Congress. The lobbying of the alliance was not a majority of the 2/3 required to ratify the treaty, but only 46 senators permitted the resolution to be supported. Although the victory of the league is short-lived, due to the ongoing global events, the merger issue was forced to reappear soon. With the explosive growth of the United States

After the bloodless revolution in 1893, American businessmen worked to President Benjamin Harrison and Congress to merge the Hawaiian Islands. In the last month of his term, Harrison issued a merger treaty to the Senate for confirmation, but the new president, Glover Cleveland, withdrew its treaty for "reexamination". He also replaced Honolulu's American Stars and Stripes with Hawaiian flags and received Queen Lyrio Karani. Cleveland also ordered a study of the Hawaiian revolution. The survey concluded that the US Minister and the businessman in Hawaii tried to overturn the Queen and the coup would fail. Looking back on the acquisition of Hawaii, President Cleveland wrote, "The existence of the provisional government is caused by US armed invasion, through war ... ... made a big mistake."