(a) - The thirteenth-century crusades in the Mediterranean

In the 13th century, the eastern crusade was determined by many major factors. In the winter of 1200 - 01, the leaders of the crusaders dispatched six special envoys to Italy including the future historian of the expedition, Jeffrey Devil Harding. They will negotiate terms for military eastern transport with Italian maritime cities. In less than 10 years after the failure of the 4th Crusade in 1213, Innocent III released Bull Quia Maior and called for a new exploration to the east. In the past year thousands of Germans and French teenagers have tried to travel to the Holy Land after traveling to the Mediterranean port. It was clear that the Crusaders had to stay in the field for some time by September 1218. Recruits from the Lord

The crusade of the twelfth century never showed such extensive fanaticism after the last fall of 1291 Acre, and after the elimination of Occitane of the Arabian Crusade. Because of the political and territorial attacks of the Pope in the Crusader Catholic Church, this ideal is deprecated. The traditional numbering scheme of the European Crusade created nine kinds of other small scale long-term crusaders of the same period, between the 11th and 13th centuries. During this period "critically" crusades occurred not only in Palestine but also in the Iberian Peninsula and Central Europe. It was not only for Muslims, but also for Christian pagans and the enemies of the powerful prince and other papals. This "Crusades Crusade" continued until the 16th century, until the Renaissance and Protestant reform, the political and religious climate of Europe was quite different from the medieval climate.

The King, missionaries, crusaders, merchants, etc. - especially since the end of the 11th century - have tried to ensure the victory of the Christian world in the Mediterranean world. The first Crusades (1096-99) was designed to occupy Jerusalem - and eventually it took place in 1099. But the city was lost soon and further Crusades have to be done in order to regain it. Since the AD 8th century, people also tried to regain Iberia from Islamic rule, but the entire peninsula was not regained until 1492. This is part of a Spanish attempt to establish a unified single Christian faith and heretical oppression, including the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition in 1478. As a result, the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Muslims were allowed to stay only if they converted to Christianity.